Gardens: Structures
Whilst trees and other large plants can add structure to the design, here consideration
is given to man-made features.


 
 





 




There are three stereotypical Japanese elements that some may think are prerequisites for a
Japanese garden; ishidoro stone lanterns, chozubachi stone water basin and shishi odoshi 'deer scare'.
Whilst these elements are indeed featured in many post 16th century gardens,
do not think of them as a necessity.

Ornamentation
The stone lantern was introduced with the advent of the tea-garden c1590. Their purpose then was functional, to light the way to the teahouse. In later gardens the lantern became an ornamental feature often sited on promontories and near water features. There are many styles of lantern, some on pedestals others on legs and of all sizes large and small.
If adding one, care should be taken that it does not dominate the scene and that it is authentic in it's style and material (there are too many poor cast replicas about).
Ishidoro Shinjuku Gyoen

Another feature that appeared with the tea-garden style. Tsukubai is the name given to an arrangement of stones set around a basin which is often fed by a bamboo water pipe.
The central water basin is called a chozubachi. The original function was for guests to the teahouse to purify themselves, washing their hands.
Chozubachi Ryoan-ji
The shishi odashi was originally a device used by farmers to scare animals from their crops. Water is drip fed to a pivoted length of bamboo which allows the upturned end to collect water. When the quantity out weighs the balance it drops and spills, it is when it swings back that the heavier end strikes a specially placed stone producing the sharp sound.

Functional, larger structures:
Consider - fencing, bridges, decking and for the ambitious even a small teahouse.
Fences
Highly artistic fences of bamboo and cedar cladding can be seen around the entrances of many gardens. Decorative panels can be obtained from some UK suppliers (see the resource list).
Or consider making your own.
Shiba-rikyu Tokyo
Taizo-in Kyoto
  

Bridges
If your pond is big enough (and that does not need to be very big) a bridge is something to definitely consider. Again don't go for a pre-made, so called 'Japanese bridge' it will probably be more Chinese. Consider building one yourself.

Korakuen Tokyo

Togi-in Kyoto
Whilst selected slabs of rock are the preferred material for small bridges it is not practical for home designs,
timber is and you can design your own.
 The bridge over my own small pond
is based on a design at Joju-in, Kyoto

Decking
The verandas of temple halls provide a viewing platform for the garden and help to frame the space. Decking between house and garden can be similarly employed.
Inner garden at Chishaku-in Kyoto
Go for flat timber rather than the purpose made ribbed material. And stay away from the coloured stains, the emphasis again is on natural. I've used a dark oak to contrast with the white gravel and greenery.